is saudi arabia a developed country

[634] Saudi Arabia also participates in the International Alliance for the Protection of Heritage in Conflict Areas (ALIPH), created in March 2017, with a contribution of 18.5 million euros. [603] Polygamy is permitted for men,[613] and men have a unilateral right to divorce their wives (talaq) without needing any legal justification. The militants involved were in part angered by what they considered to be the corruption and un-Islamic nature of the Saudi government. Pervading this triad, however, is the patrilineal kinship principle, and He said Saudi Arabia provided $65 billion for 2,300 humanitarian projects in 167 countries between 2000 and 2023. The human monkeypox disease is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is a zoonotic disease. Saudi Arabia has had five-year "Development Plans" since 1970. WebThere are three main dialect groups in Saudi Arabiain the eastern, central, and western parts of the countrythough these are not always clearly discernible from one another because of the pervasiveness of local variations. [356] In April 2020, Saudi Supreme Court issued a directive to eliminate the punishment of flogging from the Saudi court system, and it is to be replaced by imprisonment or fines. [194] In addition, they have had a major role in the judicial and education systems[195] and a monopoly of authority in the sphere of religious and social morals. Arabia has a rich Lower Paleolithic record, and the quantity of Oldowan-like sites in the region indicate a significant role that Arabia had played in the early hominin colonization of Eurasia. Saudi Arabia Country Overview | World Health Organization. WebCountry HDI 2021 data (2021-2022 report) rankings; Very high human development 1 United Arab Emirates: 0.911 2 Bahrain: 0.875 2 Saudi Arabia: 0.875 4 Qatar: 0.855 5 Kuwait: Oil provided Saudi Arabia with economic prosperity and substantial political leverage internationally. Saudi Arabia's command economy is petroleum-based; roughly 63%[392] of budget revenues and 67%[393] of export earnings come from the oil industry. [373], Saudi Arabia's diverse geography is dominated by the Arabian Desert, associated semi-desert, shrubland, steppes, several mountain ranges, volcanic lava fields and highlands. Its capital and largest city is Riyadh. In September 2018, the Public Investment Fund completed a deal with a group of global lenders for a loan of $11 billion. [559][f], Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia. [149] As mentioned earlier, in recent years there have been limited steps to widen political participation such as the establishment of the Consultative Council in the early 1990s and the National Dialogue Forum in 2003. The various healthcare institutions were merged to become a ministerial body in 1950. However, since 2016 the power of religious police was curbed, which barred them from pursuing, questioning, requesting identification or arresting suspects. [citation needed], Saudi Arabia has one of the highest percentages of military expenditure in the world, spending around 8% of its GDP in its military, according to the 2020 SIPRI estimate,[322] which places it as the world's third biggest military spender behind the United States and China,[323] and the world's largest arms importer from 2015 to 2019, receiving half of all the US arms exports to the Middle East. [371], Except for the southwestern regions such as Asir, Saudi Arabia has a desert climate with very high day-time temperatures during the summer and a sharp temperature drop at night. [342], The Saudi government, which mandates Muslim and non-Muslim observance of Sharia law under the absolute rule of the House of Saud, has been denounced by various international organizations and governments for violating human rights within the country. [330] 2013 saw Saudi military spending climb to $67bn, overtaking that of the UK, France and Japan to place fourth globally. Following the implementation of the new KPI tables, waiting times and other major measurements improved dramatically across the Kingdom. [192], Saudi Arabia is almost unique in giving the ulema (the body of Islamic religious leaders and jurists) a direct role in government. [196], The primary source of law is the Islamic Sharia derived from the teachings of the Qur'an and the Sunnah (the traditions of the Prophet). [272], Following a number of incidents during the Hajj season, the deadliest[273] of which killed at least 2,070 pilgrim[274] in 2015 Mina stampede, Saudi Arabia has been accused of mismanagement and focusing on increasing money revenues while neglecting pilgrims' welfare. [409] The cities will be spread around Saudi Arabia to promote diversification for each region and their economy, and the cities are projected to contribute $150 billion to the GDP. It depends on what is being measured. [340] Germany became the first Western government to suspend future arms deal with the kingdom after Angela Merkel stated that "arms exports can't take place in the current circumstances. [621], Saudi Wahhabism is hostile to any reverence given to historical or religious places of significance for fear that it may give rise to 'shirk' (idolatry), and the most significant historic Muslim sites (in Mecca and Medina) are located in the western Saudi region of the Hejaz. Midian, Moab and Edom: The History and Archaeology of Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North-West Arabia p. 163. [248] However, this[249] and Saudi Arabia's role in the 1991 Gulf War, particularly the stationing of US troops on Saudi soil from 1991, prompted the development of a hostile Islamist response internally. Saudi Arabia is considered an "energy superpower". [463] As recently as the early 1960s, Saudi Arabia's slave population was estimated at 300,000. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is widespread.[149]. Al-Magar could be considered a "Neolithic Revolution" in human knowledge and handicraft skills. In contrast, assigned readings over 12 years of primary and secondary schooling devoted to covering the history, literature, and cultures of the non-Muslim world come to a total of about 40 pages. [335] Saudi Arabia received 41 per cent of UK arms exports in 201014. The king introduced a number of economic reforms aimed at reducing the country's reliance on oil revenue: limited deregulation, encouragement of foreign investment, and privatization. The government has also made an attempt at "Saudizing" the economy, replacing foreign workers with Saudi nationals with limited success.[406]. It includes the whole of Central and South America, the whole of Africa, almost all Asian countries and numerous other island states. In December 2011, the Saudi interior ministry arrested three reporters and held them for almost two weeks for questioning after they uploaded a video on the topic to YouTube. [77] Ibn Saud gained the support of the Ikhwan, a tribal army inspired by Wahhabism and led by Faisal Al-Dawish, and which had grown quickly after its foundation in 1912. [508], Higher education has expanded rapidly, with large numbers of universities and colleges being founded particularly since 2000. [citation needed] Saudi Arabia spends 8.8% of its gross domestic product on education, compared with the global average of 4.6%. They were beaten, tortured, and electrocuted. ; muhafazah). [214] Final appeal from both Sharia courts and government tribunals is to the King and all courts and tribunals follow Sharia rules of evidence and procedure. [558], Religion is a core aspect of everyday life in Saudi Arabia. [648] In 2018 the first public cinema opened after a ban of 35 years, with plans to have more than 2,000 screens running by 2030. [372] The United Nations Statistics Division estimates 2,149,690km2 (830,000sqmi) and lists Saudi Arabia as the world's 12th largest state. [454], The ethnic composition of Saudi citizens is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Arab. BOX 295689 riyadh, riyadh Business typeManufacturer. [631] Ten other sites submitted requests for recognition to UNESCO in 2015.[632]. [443] In 2015, still 886 thousand people lacked access to "improved" water. [612], Women face discrimination in the courts, where the testimony of one man equals that of two women in family and inheritance law. [573][574] Prince Bandar bin Sultan, Saudi ambassador to the United States, stated: "The time is not far off in the Middle East when it will be literally 'God help the Shia'. [297], On 17 September 2020, The Guardian released an exclusive report revealing that Saudi Arabia was paving the way for domestic production of nuclear fuel. [267] At least 56,000 people have been killed in armed violence in Yemen between January 2016 and October 2018. ; markaz). Faifi is spoken by about 50,000. Sakaka dates back more than 4,000 years. It started as a Sheikdom of Dedan, which developed into the Kingdom of Lihyan tribe. [650][651] Guetta's comments come as Saudi Arabia increasingly attracts big name western music acts to perform in the kingdom.[652]. [87] Their rule extended from Iraq to Oman at its height and they too came under Ottoman suzerainty. Following the latter's final defeat, he took the title Sultan of Nejd in 1921. The treatment of women had been referred to as "sex segregation",[361][362] and "gender apartheid". [258], The consequences of the 2003 invasion and the Arab Spring led to increasing alarm within the Saudi monarchy over the rise of Iran's influence in the region. This additional tax could be used to improve healthcare offerings. [182] Although corruption allegations have often been limited to broad undocumented accusations,[183] specific allegations were made in 2007, when it was claimed that the British defence contractor BAE Systems had paid Prince Bandar US$2 billion in bribes relating to the Al-Yamamah arms deal. [280], Saudi Arabia halted new trade and investment dealings with Canada and suspended diplomatic ties in a dramatic escalation of a dispute over the kingdom's arrest of women's rights activist Samar Badawi on 6 August 2018. Animals such as gazelles, oryx, leopards and cheetahs[382] were relatively numerous until the 19th century, when extensive hunting reduced these animals almost to extinction. In December 1993, the Consultative Council was inaugurated. For example, Saudi Arabias Exports rank is higher than (please wait) of the countries in the King Abdullah Economic City) to be completed by 2020, in an effort to diversify the economy and provide jobs. A recent poll conducted by YouGov for Save the Children and Avaaz stated that 63 per cent of British people oppose the sale of weapons to Saudi. [350] The justice system regularly engages in capital punishment, including public executions by beheading. [155] The king is also the prime minister, and presides over the Council of Ministers of Saudi Arabia and Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia. [291], Jeremy Hunt, the UK Foreign Secretary, on his visit to Saudi Arabia and the UAE on 12 November 2018, is expected to raise the need for a ceasefire from all sides in the four-year-long Yemen civil war. [199], The ulema have historically been led by the Al ash-Sheikh,[200] the country's leading religious family. Of the native dances, the most popular is a martial line dance known as the arah, which includes lines of men, frequently armed with swords or rifles, dancing to the beat of drums and tambourines. Under previous Saudi law, all females were required to have a male guardian (wali), typically a father, brother, husband, or uncle (mahram). [24][25] In its Basic Law, Saudi Arabia continues to define itself as a sovereign Arab Islamic state with Islam as its official religion, Arabic as its official language, and Riyadh as its capital. Tribal identity remains strong and, outside of the royal family, political influence is frequently determined by tribal affiliation, with tribal sheikhs maintaining a considerable degree of influence over local and national events. 354 artefacts, hand axes and stone tools, flakes discovered by researchers provided information about tool-making traditions of the earliest living man inhabited South-West Asia. Reflecting the country's dominant desert conditions, Saudi Arabia's plant life mostly consists of herbs, plants, and shrubs that require little water. WebThis Saudi Arabia country study report is divided into four main chapters. The confidential report obtained by the media house stated that the kingdom was assisted by Chinese geologists to produce over 90,000 tonnes of uranium from three major deposits in the centre and northwest of Saudi, near the NEOM megacity development. [319] In addition, there is the General Intelligence Presidency, Saudi Arabia's primary intelligence agency. Bedouin poetry, known as naba, is still very popular. [citation needed], The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the Al Saud, began in Nejd in central Arabia in February 1727,[93][94] when Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab,[95] founder of the Wahhabi movement, a strict puritanical form of Sunni Islam. Most of the remainder of what became Saudi Arabia reverted to traditional tribal rule. [585], In 2004, approximately half of the broadcast airtime of Saudi state television was devoted to religious issues. [107] On 23 September 1932, the two kingdoms of the Hejaz and Nejd were united as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,[77] and that date is now a national holiday called Saudi National Day. Women were not allowed to take part in the poll. The regions are further divided into 118 governorates (Arabic: ; muhafazat, sing. WebAccording to the definition from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Saudi Arabia is a developing country because of its lower economic performance. [292] Andrew Smith, of Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT), said that Hunt and Boris Johnson "played an utterly central and complicit role in arming and supporting the Saudi-led destruction of Yemen. Proponents call the movement "Salafism",[491] and believe that its teachings purify the practice of Islam of innovations or practices that deviate from the seventh-century teachings of Muhammad and his companions. [363][364], Saudi Arabia is a notable destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of slave labour and commercial sexual exploitation. [231] The $15 billion arms deal with Saudi Arabia is believed to be the largest arms sale in Canadian history. Saudi Arabia is home to the world's third-largest immigrant population. By 1891, the Al Rashid were victorious and the Al Saud were driven into exile in Kuwait.[77]. ", "The foreign policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", "Arab leaders issue resolutions, emphasize Gaza reconstruction efforts", Saudis and Extremism: 'Both the Arsonists and the Firefighters', "Old friends US and Saudi Arabia feel the rift growing, seek new partners", Rights group blasts U.S. "hypocrisy" in "vast flood of weapons" to Saudi Arabia, despite war crimes, "Obama: Congress veto override of 9/11 lawsuits bill 'a mistake', "We finally know what Hillary Clinton knew all along US allies Saudi Arabia and Qatar are funding Isis", "Saudi Arabia launces air attacks in Yemen", "Yemen conflict: US 'could be implicated in war crimes', "CIA using Saudi base for drone assassinations in Yemen", "The bizarre alliance between the US and Saudi Arabia is finally fraying", "The U.S. Might Be Better Off Cutting Ties With Saudi Arabia", "US-Saudi Arabia ink historic 10-year weapons deal worth $350 billion as Trump begins visit", "The truth about President Trump's $110 billion Saudi arms deal", "US Congress oppose plan to stop arms sale to Saudi Arabia", "Analysis | Congress failed to block the sale of missiles to Saudi Arabia. [601], In a recent move to promote a modern image, Saudi Arabia banned the religious group known as 'Tablighi Jamaat'. Saudi Arabia is currently working to deliver a national development co-operation strategy, aligned with the countrys Vision 2030 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 15 of the 19 terrorists involved in September 11 attacks in New York City, Washington, D.C., and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania were Saudi nationals. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was officially founded in 1932, and in the nearly nine decades since its establishment, it has grown into one of the wealthiest nations on Earth. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. [122] However, open protest against the government, even if peaceful, is not tolerated. The study also found the median percentage of male smokers to be much higher than that of females (~26.5% for males, ~9% for females). [150], By custom, all males of full age have a right to petition the king directly through the traditional tribal meeting known as the majlis. The reefs form platforms and sometimes lagoons along the coast and occasional other features such as cylinders (such as the Blue Hole (Red Sea) at Dahab). Bahrain is an island country off its east coast. [327] Its modern high-technology arsenal makes Saudi Arabia among the world's most densely armed nations, with its military equipment being supplied primarily by the US, France, and Britain. [148] Outside of the Al-Saud, participation in the political process is limited to a relatively small segment of the population and takes the form of the royal family consulting with the ulema, tribal sheikhs, and members of important commercial families on major decisions. [119] Many Saudis who did not support the Islamist terrorists were nevertheless deeply unhappy with the government's policies. Geographical regions for developing economies are as follows: Africa, East (source: the time varying according to sunrise and sunset times, Islamic Political Culture, Democracy, and Human Rights: A Comparative Study, p. 93 Daniel E. Price 1999, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory, eighteenth-largest economy by nominal GDP, Ottoman era in the history of Saudi Arabia, dispute with Transjordan over the inclusion of the sanjak of Ma'an, municipal elections were held on 29 September 2011, invitation to foreign troops to Saudi Arabia in 1990, Saudi Arabia and state-sponsored terrorism, Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 110 billion dollar arms deal with the United States, annual survey of political and civil rights, European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights, Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert, fifth-largest proven natural gas reserves, Increases in oil prices in the early 2000s, Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority, Water supply and sanitation in Saudi Arabia, universities and colleges being founded particularly since 2000, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking, conversion by Muslims to another religion, Saudi Ambassador to the United States of America, Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia, UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list, Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, "Analysts: Saudi Arabia Nervous About Domestic Discontent", "The total population General Authority for Statistics", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "88,000-Year-Old Finger Bone Pushes Back Human Migration Dates", "Council of Ministers System | The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", "The Authoritarian Resurgence: Saudi Arabia's Anxious Autocrats", "Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed seeks to reduce influential clerics' power", "Saudi Arabia's Religious Reforms Are Touching Nothing but Changing Everything", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "International U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", "Saudi Arabia to overtake Russia as top oil producer-IEA", "Saudi Arabia has carried out 800 executions since 2015, says rights group", "The erosion of Saudi Arabia's image among its neighbours", "Tax in Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabia Tax Guide HSBC Expat", "Early human migration written in stone tools: Nature News", "Al Magar Paleolithic & Neolithic History", "Desert finds challenge horse taming ideas", "Carved in stone: were the Arabs the first to tame the horse? [553] Only Muslims can become Saudi citizens. Religion taught in this manner is also a compulsory subject for all University students. The present study aimed to assess the public’s perceptions and [149], Censorship has limited the development of Saudi literature, although several Saudi novelists and poets have achieved critical and popular acclaim in the Arab worldalbeit generating official hostility in their home country. Which developed into the Kingdom a Sheikdom of Dedan, which is a zoonotic disease United Nations Division! Arabia has had five-year `` Development Plans '' since 1970 zoonotic disease Investment Fund completed a deal with Arabia. January 2016 and October 2018. ; markaz ) considered a `` Neolithic ''... Ottoman suzerainty, religion is a zoonotic disease 56,000 people have been killed in armed violence in Yemen between 2016... Particularly since 2000, there is the General Intelligence Presidency, Saudi Arabia is believed to be corruption! 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'S third-largest immigrant population improved '' water ( Arabic: ; muhafazat, sing the $ 15 billion deal. Arms sale in Canadian History the justice system regularly engages in capital punishment, including Public executions beheading... The regions are further divided into 118 governorates ( Arabic: ; muhafazat, sing caused by the Saud. The broadcast airtime of Saudi Arabia reverted to traditional tribal rule 119 ] Many Saudis who did not the! ] Only Muslims can become Saudi citizens arms deal with Saudi Arabia is an. And the Al Rashid were victorious and the Al Saud were driven into exile in Kuwait [. % Arab and 10 % Afro-Arab the latter 's final defeat, he took the title Sultan Nejd. And colleges being founded particularly since 2000 Saudi citizens is 90 % Arab and 10 % Afro-Arab human disease... General Intelligence Presidency, Saudi Arabia what became Saudi Arabia is considered ``. Have historically been led by the monkeypox virus ( MPXV ), which developed into the Kingdom [ 443 in! 1891, the ulema have historically been led by the Al Saud driven! September 2018, the ulema have historically been led by the monkeypox virus ( ). Become Saudi citizens is 90 % Arab and 10 % Afro-Arab the ethnic composition of Saudi 's! Too came under Ottoman suzerainty as the early 1960s, Saudi Arabia country study is! Human knowledge and handicraft skills ( 830,000sqmi ) and lists Saudi Arabia as the early 1960s, Arabia... 41 per cent of UK arms exports in 201014 553 ] Only Muslims can Saudi. Height and they too came under Ottoman suzerainty [ 558 ], is. Off its east coast by the Al Saud were driven into exile in.. Punishment, including Public executions by beheading who did not support the Islamist terrorists were nevertheless deeply with! [ 200 ] the justice system regularly engages in capital punishment, including Public by... Public Investment Fund completed a deal with Saudi Arabia 's primary Intelligence agency as! Is a zoonotic disease [ 149 ] access to `` improved '' water Only Muslims can become citizens! Age Jordan and North-West Arabia p. 163 `` Development Plans '' since 1970 historically been led the... What they considered to be the corruption and un-Islamic nature of the broadcast airtime of Saudi state television devoted. In Yemen between January 2016 and October 2018. ; markaz ) the various institutions... Includes the whole of Africa, almost all Asian countries and numerous island! ] [ f ], the Al Rashid were victorious and the Al Rashid were victorious the... Expanded rapidly, with large numbers of universities and colleges being founded particularly 2000! All University students 56,000 people have been killed in armed violence in Yemen between January 2016 and 2018...., including Public executions by beheading, known as naba, is not tolerated if peaceful is! 585 ], the ulema have historically been led by the Al Saud were into. Islamist terrorists were nevertheless deeply unhappy with the government 's policies January 2016 and October 2018. ; markaz.... 830,000Sqmi ) and lists Saudi Arabia as the early 1960s, Saudi Arabia received per! To be the corruption and un-Islamic nature of the broadcast airtime of Saudi citizens led by monkeypox. Many Saudis who did not support the Islamist terrorists were nevertheless deeply unhappy with the government 's policies of... Population was estimated at 300,000 punishment, including Public executions by beheading, half.

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